खाना खाते समय TV या मोबाइल के दिमाग पर होने वाले असर ……

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खाना खाते समय टीवी या मोबाइल देखने पर दिमाग की हालत कुछ इस तरह से हो जाती है :-

जब भी खाना खाया जाता है दिमाग पेट को Signal देता है कि पेट भरा है कि नहीं। लेकिन अगर दिमाग टीवी screen या मोबाइल screen मे व्यस्त है तो ये Signal सही नहीं जा पाता । पेट खाना पचाने का enough gastric जूस नहीं बना पाता , जिससे खाना अच्छे से नहीं पचता और पूर्ण पोषण नहीं मिल पाता ।

2. टीवी और मोबाइल देखने वाले लोगो का Junk फूड के लिए craving ज्यादा होती है:-

लंबे समय तक junk फूड खाने से मोटापा, diabetes, cholesterol problem, हॉर्मोन्स imbalance होने लगता है।

3. पूरा ध्यान टीवी या मोबाइल मे इतना चला जाता है कि खाने कि थाली से दिमाग disconnected हो जाता है, कुछ इस तरह ।

खाने से disconnection होने से बच्चो का खास तौर पर घर के खाने के लिए taste नहीं बन पाता और घर के खाने को बच्चे पसंद नहीं करते। सब्जी वाला पिज्जा बच्चे को कोई पोषण नहीं दे सकता जो पोषण घर पर बनी एक सब्जी रोटी दे सकती है। बच्चा ना केवल खाने से दूर हो जाते है बल्कि भारतीय खाने की परंपरा से भी दूर हो जाता हैं।

4. पेट को शरीर का दूसरा दिमाग बोला जाता है जिसकी खाना पचाने कि capacity कम होने लगती है कुछ ऐसे :

जो भी लोग खाना खाते समय टीवी या मोबाइल देखते है, समझ नहीं पाते कि पेट भरा है कि नहीं और ठूस ठूस कर कर खाना खा लेते है। Capacity से ज्यादा खाए गए खाने को पचाने मे पेट को भी ज्यादा मेहनत करनी पड़ती है ।

5. तेजी से बुड़ापा : टीवी और मोबाइल देख कर खाना खाने वाले बुड़ापा जल्दी आता है

Unhealthy खाना हो या healthy खाना हो अगर unhealthy तरीके से टीवी screen या मोबाइल screen के सामने बैठ कर खाना खाया जाए तो समय से पहले बुड़ापा आता है ऐसा इसलिए होता है क्यूंकी खाना सही से ना पचने से शरीर के cells को पोषण नहीं मिलता और cells की मुरम्मत नहीं हो पाती जिससे समय से पहले आंखो के नीचे गड्डे, wrinkles एवं बुड़ापा आता है।

Mind is Happy without tv screen and mobile screen, खाने का असली आनंद जमीन पर सुखासन में बैठ कर और बिना चमच के हाथ से ही खाना खाने में है जिससे खाने मे मौजूद तेल या घी और अन्य मसालों का स्वाद का एहसास पूर्ण रूप से समझ आता, खाना अच्छे से पचता है। खाने को भी पूरी respect तभी दी जा सकती है जब इंसान खाने को खाने की तरह ही खाए ना कि entertainment के लिए खाए।

Six signs of Depression, one should be wary of….

There are several parameters to gauge the health, intelligence and IQ of mankind and every organization treats human resources as entities making them goal and objective oriented without considering the mental health and state of mind especially Depression is completely ignored in society and work culture.

Depression is a common illness worldwide, with more than 264 million people affected. Depression is different from usual mood fluctuations and short-lived emotional responses to challenges in everyday life. Especially when long-lasting and with moderate or severe intensity, depression may become a serious health condition. It can cause the affected person to suffer greatly and function poorly at work, at school and in the family “WHO reference”

People feel shy in expressing their grief and sadness which extends to depression, self guilt and so on. Postpartum depression is still a taboo among many women and remains unaddressed for long.

Depression is internal turmoil of mankind which may be hazardous at times depending upon the extent to which one dives into.

Following are the signs which can be perilous and should be addressed at earliest.

1. Self accusation : Accepting one’s own mistakes is a good thing for improvement but without understanding the root cause of trouble leads to repeated mistakes and persistent guilt.

2. Losing confidence : Not considering the worth of a relationship or job post, resulting in low confidence in making decisions, looking for approval for each task and decision.

3. Live in past incidents : Recalling and reminding the incidents which lands oneself into the web of self guilt falling into which is inescapable.

4. Under-estimating your own achievements : Underrating your own actions and decisions and doing self judgement like ” kya mene theek kiya ? karu ya na karu ?

5. Emotional imbalance: Not able to understand his/her  own emotional turmoil or confusion and follow the flow of the emotional stream and landed up with anxiety, mood swings and irritability like ” Should I initiate the talk ? Why should I always ?Should I tell this to her ? Why She doesn’t understand me and reckon my feeling”

6. Losing Health : loss of appetite, weight gain, sleep apnea, frequent fall to sickness or any other disease, hormonals imbalance, thyroid,PCOD etc.

In a depressed state, mankind reels under a negative world of imagination where they judge their own activities and imagine what people think and talk about themselves.

Mankind is the most intelligent animal gifted with emotions to relish the beauty of nature and universe. Being depressed for one or other reason is devaluing your own self. There are limitless opportunities and multiple solutions.

We Indians are really blessed to have saints and Gyanis with us to show us the path of truth and reality. Our Vedas, Gita and Upnishads are the most valuable heritage that belong to us. Below is the link of one of the episodes of Upanishad Ganga:

Never ignore the above signs whether it is you or your loved ones, it’s all natural and nothing is incurable. Just start loving yourself, you are the only one who will be with you forever and everywhere. Be your own shadow, spend your time in prayer. Yoga is one of the methods for doing so, there is immense happiness in self realization.

Yoga : Path to Rejuvenation

Janu sirsasan :: Strengthens: Human back
Stretches: Vertebral column, Shoulder, Hamstring, Inguinal region

Yoga is more than a breathing exercise, it unites body and mind. A wonderful way to spend time with yourself.

It was in 2007 when my mother introduced me to Yoga before I become a hostler. At first I felt awkward doing Jal neti and Vaman as first thing in the morning whose importance is being felt after a long time .All my family members learned yoga asanas in ashram in my hometown which was free of cost and all were taught different asanas as per age, height , bodyweight etc.

My routine was not disturbed till I joined Infosys in 2011. My dincharaya was replaced by late night movies, pizza parties, exploring restaurants in the evening and getting up late after becoming an IT professional. For long time I had been away from Dincharaya and Yoga.

But post-partum pains made me realized the mistakes that I made all along . I had shoulder pain and upper back pain in the early morning. I lost my strength, stamina, flexibility and gained lot of weight in 2019. Even physiotherapist couldn’t help me out.

Adho mukha svanasana Strengthens: Arm, Leg
Stretches: Hand, Shoulder, Hamstring, Calf, Arches of the foot

Then came the Corona Virus and Lockdown period gave me the window to rejuvenate myself. I started with Surya Namaskar followed by stretching asanas. To know more about yoga I went through the books like

Vagbhata’s Astanga Hrdayam ebook, Women and the weight loss tamasha,The PCOD thyroid book,Pregnancy Notes, Notes for healthy Kids all by Rujuta Diwekar” , Everyday with Ayurveda book by Dr. Bhaswati Bhatacharya. B.K.S Iyengar’s ” Yoga : The path to holistic health”

All the above books are very informative and helped me a lot. I still in the process of getting more and more knowledge. Authentic and multiple source of information creates wonder and is like magic. I attained flexibility, mobility and strength which helps me manage both house chores and office work in a better way. Also, few minutes of morning routine of yoga gives a sense of fulfillment,It’s my time ,with me ,for me. Early morning hours are calm and pleasing replenish me with freshness.

Trikonasana Strengthens: Knee, Thigh, Ankle
Stretches: Vertebral column, Hip, Knee, Shoulder, Thigh, Thorax, Ankle, Hamstring, Calf

At first my motive was just to lose weight which is converted to stay fit, healthy and calm. I forget PCOD , I started listening to my body. Deep breathing and stretching is revitalizing. I started enjoying new kind of asanas and stretching especially strength Yoga and learning Pilates. I am in learning phase and wanted to know more about this wisdom.

Yoga is way to live life in a sustainable way which is for everyone and different asanas for different age and condition, Whether Pregnant, diabetic, older or children there are set of asanas for everyone. I felt the magic of Yoga which worked on me. Yoga, Ayurveda and Ancient way of cooking and eating food really a blessing for Indians and India deserve to be recognized world wide for this wisdom. Thanks to all ancient saints for leaving behind such a great legacy and wisdom for us.

Blocking the roads to block repressive law….

Every news channel, print and digital media is being floated with news of farmers protest. Farmers are unhappy over the law formulated by central government which has ignored their concerns. It is for the first time that such protest get attention world wide. Law on agriculture and farmers was formulated for whole nation but farmers from Punjab are leading the march peacefully. Protest is being observed in London, Melbourne and parts of Canada also.

They started their protest in late September,2020 in their region which was dropped without any redressal. Now they started their march to Delhi and blocking the highways and surrounding borders of Delhi NCR.

People of Delhi getting more traffic jam than usual days hampering their daily routine. Blocking of roads and highway is the way to make all realize the impact of law on farmers without which they would be unheard. Some alleged the protest being politically driven and favour the law makers. Law is for the people by the people and it is best formulated when include all stakeholders. Farmers are the most important stakeholders in the present scenario without which no one can have peaceful single meal. The agriculture sector is one of the most important industries in the Indian economy, which means it is also a huge employer. Approximately 60 percent of the Indian population works in the Agriculture and allied activities, contributing about 18 percent to India’s GDP and primary source of livelihood .Therefore, their consideration is important for inclusive and sustainable development. Our second prime minister of India Lal Bahadrpur Shastri united the country with the slogan jai jawan jai kisan and today country is united for our kisan.

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No Farmers ,No Food ,No Future

Smt. in office….

Kamala Harris US vice president

Woman making headlines now a days either by being elected as minister or vice president in foreign land. What if these women living in India today, do they get the same opportunity?  Indian women living abroad who have chosen career over kids, attaining the zenith of success and getting admiration from people living in India and abroad. As per Indian tradition and culture women are supposed to live at home to take care of family and kids. Once Stepped over foreign land woman get freed from cultural limits. Who is right here? women who decide their course of lives own their own or women who are kept in well-defined societal limits.

Priyanca Radhakrishnan becomes first-ever minister of New Zealand of Indian origin

India was once agrarian country where men used to be on farms and women at home. Time and work have been changed; Indian economy shifted from agrarian to service sector providing more jobs to woman in offices. Private sector played major role for empowering woman work force in India. It is the type of work that eased the cultural barriers. Advent of technology aspired the women and made them to believe in themselves.

But challenges are huge for mother working woman who has challenges to make balance between office and home. Very few companies and organization provide basic infrastructure for child care at work place. Family expects more time from woman at home as office expects all time her presence. India the only country where woman is revered in several forms of Goddess neglecting their greater role in economy. India has highest share of savings in the form of household savings which is usually done by woman. Women the biggest market consumer of all kind starting from kitchen to apparel are well targeted by business models. Modernization has changed the lifestyle but woman participation in workforce is still dismal in India. Notion of equality comes along with notion of humanity. woman need to be considered human first.

Evolution of psychology of women workforce …

Women’s capacity is redefining due to significant change in women’s role in society under globalization and technology transformation.Most of the men are not in farms and ladies are no longer grinding flour at home. Electric appliances have occupied the kitchens. Industrial revolution had led to liberated ideas in society where men and women get almost same kind of work and working together in workplace.

Society transformed and women are no longer confined to house chores and interact with the society at large.They do solo trips, road trips or religious trips with other women’s group depending upon their choice. They have aspirations and goals and today’s livelihood is intricate that necessitates women to come out of home and work in office or farms. Whether working in office or not each Indian women is a homemaker, they have to maintain the home altogether and have to ensure the food to be served on time after finishing work outside or inside. Working women get challenges both at home and workplace. Being in Indian society most of women get family support in rearing kids and cater family needs along with career against it in metro cities many women have to struggle for maintaining balance due to long distant work places and availability of few creche facilities.

Every woman doesn’t get the same opportunity, same support or work of environment. There is disparity among women based on caste, religion and financial background.I postulated some idea on psychology of women workforce for sake of knowledge it may vary from reader’s point of view. I have taken the Maslow’s theory of need to explain the psychological levels among women. First of all I would like to explain type of employment viz Organised and Unorganised Sector.

Organised sector. The sector which carries out all activity through a system and follows govt. regulations. Unorganised sector. The sector that evades most of the laws and is outside the government control.

4th Industrial revolution has lowered the low pay and low skill jobs resulting a decline of women workforce 36.7% in 2005 to 26% in 2018 in Unorganized sector and 94-95% women workforce employed in Unorganized sector or are in Unpaid work according to Deloitte report 2019. I would like to explain the women of both categories in terms of Maslow’s need of hierarchy. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a theory in psychology proposed by Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper “A Theory of Human Motivation” in Psychological Review. Wherein he divided the needs into below categories.

In Organized sector skills of communication, problem solving, creativity and emotional intelligence are called for inevitably making women workforce to liveware. Women in Organised sector cross the basic needs level and enters into either psychological needs or into self fulfillment needs. Some women with high aspiration of freedom, fame, money struggles to maintain harmony between family and career and who get succeeded can reach the last level of needs. I cant be assure the names of women who reached the last level because last need is something very personal which may or may not get reflected but there are several examples of women who fulfilled their esteem needs and reached the zenith of their success.

Education of Women Workforce REDUCE INFANT MORTALITY. Children of educated women are less likely to die before their first birthday. …
REDUCE MATERNAL MORTALITY. …
IMPROVE SOCIO ECONOMIC GROWTH. …
REDUCE CHILD MARRIAGE. …
REDUCE POPULATION EXPLOSION: …
DECREASE MALNUTRITION. …
INCREASE INVOLVEMENT IN POLITICAL PROCESS. …
REDUCE DOMESTIC & SEXUAL VIOLENCE.

But same fortune doesn’t happen to every women in unorganized sector where women struggles to make both ends meet and the main obstacle is illiteracy and unawareness. They remain in Basic needs level. Most of the efforts for women empowerment get succeeded in organized sector like Women’s bank, reservation in government jobs and percentage of women employees compulsory in companies but same don’t get followed in unorganized sector since they have minimal representation, their population is scattered and even they themselves don’t have knowledge of their rights. Right to work is directive principal constituted in our constitution and Universal Declaration of Human Rights states: Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment. Many private and government funding is being done on their welfare and various Self help groups , NGOs are working on them. Mahatama gandhi had a dream of thriving cottage industry in india. Since more men migrated from villages to cities in search of work and ladies with kids and elders left behind. Women workforce in villages must be made self sufficient This workforce can be utilized to strengthen the cottage industry in India which could improve their livelihood and can make them self supported. Unorganized sector is huge and is the future of India. Women are getting empowered to decide the course of their lives and profession.Without accommodating their needs women empowerment is unaccomplished and without women empowerment India cant be a powerful nation. Nation has achieved to some extent and best utilization of workforce is imminent.

Chaos in Urban Space !!!!

First urbanisation in India started arond 3000 BC centered around Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Lothal, Dholavira etc. These cities were not fortified and agricultural techniques were not developed but still there was trade and commerce with the corresponding civilisations such as mesopotamia and roman.

Artefacts of First Urbanisation

Today’s Urbanization in India began to accelerate after independence, due to the country’s adoption of a mixed economy , which gave rise to the development of the private sector. Urbanisation is taking place at quite a rapid rate in India. Population residing in urban areas in India, according to 1901 census, was 11.4%.Globalisation and liberalisation accelerated the process of Urbanisation and we have the present scenario where private sector is playing a bigger role in economy.

Skyrocketing building a new face of urbanisation

In 1990s Economic liberalization came up with loads of hopes and aspiration to whole nation. India witnessed economic growth mainly from service sector and more migration to cities in the search of opportunity,but there is a dark side too. In the period 2006 and 2015 ordinary workers saw their income rise by an average of just 2% a year while billionaire’s wealth rose almost six times faster leading to high economic inequality which opens up social and political barriers too.Economic liberalization , globalization and urbanization are interdependent but their benefits are not being distributed uniformly causing distress and unhappiness in society.

Globally, 828 million people live in slums today. This fact means that one in eight people in the world suffers from poor living conditions data as on July 2017.

People migrating from rural to urban, urban to abroad in the hope of better livelihood. In Punjab and Kerala there is huge out-flux to abroad and the space created by this out-flux is being filled by people from other states and it creates a chain where one group of people moves out and other moves in. In such scenario it becomes difficult to maintain social peace for some group of people who are taken for granted. But the latest outbreak of Corona Virus has shown how these people are important for smooth economy. Migration is requisite and nobody belongs to one state or district anymore.

Cities today have different problems whose solutions are yet to found. We are in a urban space where level of crime has been gone to extreme level than before, we are witnessing new diseases like Corona virus, Ebola , struggling with climate change and calamities.Psychological set up has been mutated.

My husband said rightly that everything we have is smart viz. computer, laptop,mobile, TV,washing machine name any electronics everything is smart but we don’t live smartly with nature.We eat more, we waste more by overusing the resources. we are very much away from mother nature . More we are away more we would be in danger and chaos in one or other form.Latest outbreak of Corona Virus raise the question of poor urbanization, misuse of resources by digging through the earth. Earth , our mother nature does require time for recuperation which we never think of but Mother nature has taken it in her own way. It’s our responsibility to take a lesson from the present condition and give time to mother nature to recuperate and rejuvenate because Kudrat sahi hai to hi hum hai.

Earth is breathing again!!!!

Healthy Hours…

Everyone wants to spend life happily with family and friends but a family get shattered if one of them get into abysmal health condition. So do we need health insurance or something else…

All we need healthy hours which our forefathers used to have. They used to spend a lot of time with nature, doing hard work and eating meal on appropriate time and thus having so many healthy hours.

Today’s life is too fast and busy to spend such time, but we can inculcate some habits to improve our lifestyle and having healthy hours .

Like Spend your time with family or friends in a place having lots of greenery and walking under the tree which would cool the body due to ‘transpiration cooling effect’

Tradition of going to temple is also scientific since they are designed to have heightened roof which having pure vibration of electric and magnetic radiation with positive energy.

Sun bathing is best way to rejuvenate , cure many diseases and it connect us with our primary source of energy and is the only unpolluted source of energy left after air and water. Utilize the resource to its fullest.

Five to ten minutes of stretching exercise or sooryanamaskar should be done if one’s life is too busy to do anything else. 10 minutes of time out of 24×60 minutes for your betterment is not a big deal.

People usually warn their kids of bad habits like smoking and drinking but not about the junk food. Many people lost their lives even after not having any kind of bad habit but because of unhealthy lifestyle ,bad eating habits and wrong eating timings.Spending unhealthy lifestyle should be stressed in the same way as the other bad habits are stressed.People even unknowingly offer such things to kids who still are in early stage of development and organs are not mature. If offered high sodium potato chips,refined flour and refined sugar biscuits regularly it would guarantee kidney stones, obesity, high BP, Acidity problem, harmonal problems like pcod , fibroid,thyroid and so on. So, gift your kid healthy hours not diseases.

Google meaning of junk is old or discarded articles that are considered useless or of little value, so one can guess junk food merely makes body garbage of useless articles!!!!!!!
Best way of having meal with family without including any kind of electronic media like TV , laptop or mobile. Watching TV while having meal is the worst practice ever which invites nothing but the diseases irrespective of kind of food. Few minutes of entertainment costs much than one’s imagination and most of the people are ignorant and always accuse food quality for gastric , acidity and other problems.

Healthy food is not enough for healthy lifestyle but we do need is appropriate timing and way of eating food. Ayurveda gives attention to human mechanism and doesn’t prescribe any shortcuts to health saying what to eat in what season and classifies body types viz. Vaat, Kaph, Pitta and morning fruit smoothies are best food for pitta kind of body. Classification of body type and diet accordingly is to balance mind, body and spirit. Ayurveda is gift of Indian tradition. Our ancestors knew our body consists water more than 50% therefore get effected from all the natural processes like eclipse , tides so they invented ekadashi, poornima and sankranti and different occassion have different meal.

 Western world has given us technology and our ancestors had given the world the knowledge and meaning of human life in terms of Ayurveda and Upnishads. Ayurveda, was based on a systematic knowledge of plant-derived medicines and is practiced effectively even today. Detailed knowledge of anatomy, embryology, digestion, metabolism, physiology, genetics, immunity, psychology and etiology can be found in many ancient Indian texts. There are many techniques like Intermittent fasting , meditation,Naturopathy (self healing) ,yoga which We can assimilate with technology. Our tradition has answer to all modern problems viz diabetes, hypertenstion., high blood pressure, uric acid and so on.!!!

So,it’s time for us to ponder over it and adopt a healthy life style and live life scientifically, get up on time, don’t mix food with fruits, do some exercise, connect yourself with nature, get to know your body type and eat accordingly because one shoe doesn’t fit all.Stay healthy and be happy 🙂

Tech ignorant we are !!!

We all are using technology without realising the risks associated with it. We all are obsessed with ourselves. Technology keep us engaged with none but with ourselves.

That’s why we are oblivious to child development and growth process. We all are lucky enough that we had upbringing without technology.

Why I have raised this question today ? I realised what today’s kids are missing. They are not using technology but technology is using them since kids are getting engaged before time. Technology is not a bad thing but overuse or before use is hazardous to their development.

Child experts agree that children under 2 should not watch any TV, video or any passive entertainment. Instead of letting your baby watch TV, let him play and entertain himself. Playing is an activity where your baby can derive a lot of developmental benefits.

Kids are slower to start a task they see on screen vs. live. Experts recommends no TV before age 2 — and no more than 2 hours after.

Because infants have a difficult time differentiating between sounds, TV background noise is particularly detrimental to language development.

If you do let your toddler watch television, break it up into 15 to 20 minute slots at a time. More than that and his little brain may go on autopilot. 

Keep in mind that screen time includes TV, digital games, online viewing and computers, as well as interactive mobile devices like smartphones and tablets. 

Limit your toddler’s total viewing time to a total of one hour a day. This is because toddlers need to be active for three hours a day to grow healthily. Physical play contributes better to your child’s mental and emotional development than watching television. 

Having meal in front of TV is another trend we all are following which is really the worst thing….

No family interaction…..

All have these side-effects. 1. overeating and obesity. 2. Distraction 3. Unhealthy eating habits 4. Lower metabolism 5. Indigestion 6. When mind doing two things at a time, it is unable to enjoy either of them properly 7. No family interaction – less time for family bonding in this busy time and age.

Your child also needs the chance to spend time with you and other children, so he can learn how to talk to and relate to people. All these opportunities are limited while watching television.

Don’t burdern your kids with technology.Once they hooked up you won’t be able to get them back.Use technology whenever you are in need but don’t make it part of your kid’s life, else one day your kid will have faith more in technology than you. Just try and give your child same childhood as you ever had atleast once a week or month…A tech free childhood !!!!!

Tech free childhood….

Also share your ideas in comment section…

The first wealth is health…

This blog is not only for parents but for those also who are chachhu.. Mammu.. Massi.. Bua of their kith and kin’s kids.

Some food items should be avoided for toddlers as well as young children

1. Chips- add trans fat, carbohydrates results obesity in children so Chips Can be made at home or order someone near by you who can make for your kids.

2.Biscuits-Try to buy aftet reading ingredient only.Make at home if not possible then why only multigrain digestives.That too 1 or 2 a day

3.Pastries and cakes …very high in sugar.Instead make halwa for your kids pure and natural or homemade cakes only

4.Juices.High in sugar.. If you don’t want your baby become diabetic in later stage of life.Don’t buy for your kids.Instead chaacch is good option and fresh juice without packing..

5.Cerelac. I don’t find that much nutritious.. Having soyabean oil.. Sugar as ingredient dietary fibre only 1.0 g per 100g whereas carbohydrates 67.5g per 100g… .all this mentioned on the packing you all even can check… Then why to buy this it is better to give suji ki kheer or mix with mashed apple… Or milk mixed daliya anything which is more nutritious and tasty as well.

6. So called healthy drinks bournvita –again sugar is the main ingredient so try to give your baby almond milk.. Almond powder can be made easily at home..

Give your babies the best food not garbage.Gift every baby home made chocolate and biscuits or toys etc but don’t buy anything harmful for any kid.It’s our responsibility to provide them nutritious food. Read and analyse everything that you buy in market. I have seen the super markets full of unhealthy snacks. Your awareness can be a boon.

Healthy lifestyle is a option but being a responsible parent is a necessity. So what you opt to do !!!!